I believe you are missing the URL Rewrite module in your IIS software.  Go into inetmgr and check and see if you have an icon called URL Rewrite.  If that is missing you will need to download and install it in IIS using the "Get New Web Components" option and it should fix your issue.

You are missing the URL rewrite module for IIS. 

Good thing is that the installation ISO comes with the module executable. Simply navigate to  {Installlation Media}\SageCRM\install\Sage\CRM\Utils\EN\UrlRewriter, there you'll find the executable for the URL rewrite module.

Repair the CRM installation after installing the rewrite module. You should be good to go.

Hi Ken

Check also requisites and supported software.

Recently a colleague has installed CRM 2024 over SQL Server 2014 by mistake, and the result was exactly the same (Tomcat is not able to establish connection with this elderly version of SQL Server.)

Check Tomcat logs to find out more about the exact error.

URL Rewrite is already installed, but I ran the UrlRewriter MSI anyway and selected "Repair." Still no change.

Yup, I think that's the problem. CRM 2024 (as well as 2022 and 2023) supports SQL 2019 and up; however, we're using SQL 2017. I assumed that our version of SQL would work with CRM since we're running Sage 300 2024 with SQL 2017 with no problems. Thanks for the reminder to check the software requirements.

I uninstalled CRM 2024 since it's not compatible with SQL 2017. I downloaded CRM 2022 R2.2 since it is compatible and installed it. I still got the URL Rewriter error. I navigated to the URL Rewriter installer in the 2022 installation files and ran the MSI and rebooted. It did not correct the login problem.

Check also if server is a Domain Controler. Trying to install in a DC may produce the same error... (note that installing in a DC is not supported)

No, it is not a DC. However, it does have a copy of Sage 300 2024 running on the same test server. I don't know if that makes a difference.